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All states + DC

Flood disclosure, state by state

Every US jurisdiction's residential flood-disclosure rule in one sortable matrix — classified by disclosure level and linked to its controlling statute. 41 require disclosure; 10 have no statutory mandate.

Flood-specific disclosure

The statute or the state-mandated form has dedicated flood questions — flood-zone status, flood history, prior claims, or flood-insurance history.

General disclosure

A general property-condition disclosure captures flooding through a water/drainage or known-defect item, but has no dedicated flood-zone question.

Buyer-beware (caveat emptor)

No mandatory statutory seller disclosure. Common-law duties apply — the seller can't actively conceal or misrepresent a known defect, and must answer a direct question honestly.

No disclosure statute

No statewide seller property-condition disclosure statute identified. Common-law anti-fraud duties still apply.

Sortable table of US state flood-disclosure law: disclosure level, opt-out, and statute.
Statute
AlabamaALBuyer-bewareNoneAla. Code § 6-5-102 (suppression of material fact); caveat emptor doctrine per Alabama case law (no statutory residential disclosure act)
AlaskaAKFlood-specificNoneAlaska Stat. § 34.70.010 et seq. (remedies at § 34.70.090; form established under § 34.70.050)
ArizonaAZGeneralNoneNo general statutory residential disclosure act; common-law duty to disclose (Hill v. Jones line of cases). Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 33-422 (FEMA-floodplain affidavit, limited to 5 or fewer unsubdivided parcels in unincorporated areas).
ArkansasARBuyer-bewareNoneNo statute (buyer-beware)
CaliforniaCAFlood-specificNoneCal. Civ. Code § 1103 et seq. (Natural Hazard Disclosure; 1103.2 form/flood items, 1103.13 remedy); 1102 et seq. (Transfer Disclosure Statement)
ColoradoCOGeneralNoneNo statute (buyer-beware)
ConnecticutCTFlood-specificYes — cautionConn. Gen. Stat. §§ 20-327b to 20-327e (report requirement and flood-hazard content); § 20-327c ($500 credit / civil action for nondisclosure)
DelawareDEFlood-specificNoneDel. Code Ann. tit. 6, §§ 2570-2578 (Buyer Property Protection Act); § 2572 (disclosure of material defects); § 2578 (property condition report form)
District of ColumbiaDCGeneralNoneD.C. Code §§ 42-1302, 42-1304 (Residential Real Property Seller Disclosures, ch. 13)
FloridaFLFlood-specificNoneFla. Stat. § 689.302 (created by HB 1049, ch. 2024-215, effective Oct. 1, 2024)
GeorgiaGABuyer-bewareNoneO.C.G.A. § 10-6A-5 (preserves seller's obligation under applicable law to disclose known adverse material facts about the physical condition of property); duty otherwise grounded in Georgia common law. No statute mandating a seller disclosure form.
HawaiiHIFlood-specificNoneHaw. Rev. Stat. ch. 508D (esp. 508D-15 flood hazard area notification; 508D-16 remedies)
IdahoIDGeneralNoneIdaho Code § 55-2501 et seq. (Property Condition Disclosure Act); § 55-2508 (disclosure form); § 55-2515 (rescission); § 55-2517 (failure to comply/actual damages)
IllinoisILFlood-specificNone765 ILCS 77 (Residential Real Property Disclosure Act); 765 ILCS 77/35 (disclosure report, flood items 2 and 3); 765 ILCS 77/55 (remedy)
IndianaINFlood-specificNoneInd. Code § 32-21-5 (Residential Real Estate Sales Disclosure; form contents 32-21-5-7; presentation 32-21-5-10; owner liability 32-21-5-11)
IowaIAFlood-specificNoneIowa Code ch. 558A (esp. 558A.4 required information; 558A.6 liability/remedy); disclosure form prescribed by Iowa Admin. Code r. 193E-14.1
KansasKSNoneNoneNo statute (buyer-beware)
KentuckyKYFlood-specificNoneKRS 324.360 (form for seller's disclosure of conditions); form historically prescribed by 201 KAR 11:350 (KREC Form 402)
LouisianaLAFlood-specificNoneLa. R.S. 9:3196-9:3200 (Residential Property Disclosure); duties of seller La. R.S. 9:3198; form prescribed by the Louisiana Real Estate Commission
MaineMEFlood-specificNone33 M.R.S. § 173 (flood-hazard disclosure added by P.L. 2023, c. 585; L.D. 2035)
MarylandMDGeneralYes — cautionMd. Code, Real Property § 10-702
MassachusettsMABuyer-bewareNoneNo statute (buyer-beware)
MichiganMIFlood-specificNoneMich. Comp. Laws (MCL) 565.951 to 565.966 (Seller Disclosure Act, Act 92 of 1993); form in MCL 565.957; liability limits in MCL 565.955
MinnesotaMNGeneralYes — cautionMinn. Stat. §§ 513.52 to 513.60 (general disclosure 513.55; liability 513.57; waiver 513.60)
MississippiMSFlood-specificNoneMiss. Code Ann. §§ 89-1-501 to 89-1-527 (Real Estate Transfer Disclosure Requirements; liability 89-1-523; delivery 89-1-503)
MissouriMONoneNoneNo statute (buyer-beware)
MontanaMTGeneralYes — cautionMont. Code Ann. § 70-20-502 (also §§ 70-20-501, -503, -504, -505; enacted by Ch. 375, Laws of 2023)
NebraskaNEGeneralNoneNeb. Rev. Stat. § 76-2,120
NevadaNVGeneralYes — cautionNev. Rev. Stat. §§ 113.120, 113.130, 113.150
New HampshireNHFlood-specificNoneN.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 477:4-a
New JerseyNJFlood-specificNoneP.L.2023, c.93; N.J.S.A. 56:8-19.2 (sellers); N.J.S.A. 46:8-50 (landlords)
New MexicoNMNoneNoneNMSA 1978, § 47-13-2 (Real Estate Disclosure Act)
New YorkNYFlood-specificNoneN.Y. Real Property Law §§ 462, 465 (Property Condition Disclosure Act), as amended by 2023 N.Y. Laws ch. 484 (S5400/A1967); former § 467 repealed
North CarolinaNCFlood-specificYes — cautionN.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 47E-4 and 47E-5; 21 NCAC 58A .0114(a)(11)
North DakotaNDGeneralNoneN.D. Cent. Code § 47-10-02.1 (Property disclosure - Requirements - Exceptions)
OhioOHGeneralYes — cautionOhio Rev. Code Ann. § 5302.30 (form prescribed under Ohio Admin. Code 1301:5-6-10)
OklahomaOKGeneralYes — cautionOkla. Stat. tit. 60, §§ 831-839 (Residential Property Condition Disclosure Act); flood zone status disclosure in § 833; remedies in § 837
OregonORFlood-specificYes — cautionOr. Rev. Stat. § 105.464 (form of seller's property disclosure statement); revocation rights under ORS 105.465 / 105.475
PennsylvaniaPAFlood-specificNone68 Pa.C.S. §§ 7301-7314 (Real Estate Seller Disclosure Law); disclosure-statement form per 49 Pa. Code / State Real Estate Commission
Rhode IslandRIFlood-specificNoneR.I. Gen. Laws §§ 5-20.8-1 et seq. (esp. 5-20.8-2 disclosure requirements; 5-20.8-5 penalty)
South CarolinaSCFlood-specificYes — cautionS.C. Code Ann. §§ 27-50-40, 27-50-65, 27-50-110
South DakotaSDFlood-specificNoneSDCL § 43-4-44 (and chapter 43-4-37 et seq.)
TennesseeTNGeneralYes — cautionTenn. Code Ann. §§ 66-5-202, 66-5-208, 66-5-210
TexasTXFlood-specificNoneTex. Prop. Code § 5.008 (as amended by SB 339, 2019)
UtahUTBuyer-bewareYes — cautionNo statute (buyer-beware)
VermontVTFlood-specificNone27 V.S.A. § 380 (Act 181, 2024)
VirginiaVAGeneralNoneVa. Code Ann. § 55.1-703 (Residential Property Disclosure Act, § 55.1-700 et seq.)
WashingtonWAGeneralYes — cautionRCW 64.06.020
West VirginiaWVBuyer-bewareYes — cautionNo statute (buyer-beware)
WisconsinWIGeneralNoneWis. Stat. §§ 709.02, 709.03, 709.05
WyomingWYBuyer-bewareYes — cautionWyo. Stat. Ann. § 33-28-303 (agent/licensee disclosure duty only; no seller-disclosure statute)

Showing 51 of 51 jurisdictions. Click a column header to sort.

Reading the matrix

Why these categories — and why no red or green

The four levels describe legal regimes, not safety. A buyer-beware state isn't 'dangerous'; it shifts the burden onto the buyer to ask and to investigate.

“Flood-specific” means the statute or the state-mandated disclosure form has dedicated flood questions — flood-zone status, flood history, prior claims, or flood-insurance history. “General” means a property-condition form captures flooding through a broader water/drainage or known-defect item, but has no dedicated flood-zone question. “Buyer-beware” (caveat emptor) means no mandatory statutory disclosure — though a seller still can't actively conceal a known defect or lie in answer to a direct question. “None” means we identified no statewide seller property-condition disclosure statute at all.

Laws change — sometimes overnight, as Florida's HB 1049 and New York's 2023 amendment show. Each row carries its last-verified date and an honest confidence label. See Methodology for exactly how we classify and verify, and Changelogfor what we've updated.